What is HPV?
The genital papillomavirus infection is a sexual transmission infection (IPP).The causal agent of Papillomavirus infection is the human papilloma viruses (HPV).Human papilloma viruses are a group of viruses, which includes about 100 different types.More than 30 types of HPVs are sexually transmitted, the genitals and the anus of women and men are infected.
Most infected people do not know their illness, have no clinical manifestations and, moreover, can recover spontaneously.
Some of these viruses are called "high carcinogenic risk viruses", they can cause lesions of precancerous genitals.Recent studies have confirmed the main role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.High risk HPV also plays a role in the occurrence of vulva cancer, vagina in women and penis cancer in men.High risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 58, 68, 69 types: these types of HPV are responsible for 95-98% of cases of cervical cancer.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, which is usually flat and almost invisible during the usual examination compared to benign warts, which are caused by low risk viruses - 6, 11 types.Benigne anogenital warts appear from 2 to 6 months after the infection.On the development of precancerous or cancerous changes associated with the transport of high -risk HPV, the years are starting for years and often a spontaneous cure for HPV occurs.
The infection is more common aged between 15 and 40 and affects the same women and men.Within 50 years of life, about 80 % of women will acquire HPV infection.
About 50-75% of sexually active people are infected by the HPV during their lives and in most cases the infection does not cause a disease and is spontaneously treated.
About 90% of people with HIV infection also have an HPV infection.
How the HPV is transmitted
Human papillomes infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse.Most of the infects have no visible manifestations of the disease and therefore the HPV carriers do not know their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn during childbirth.This can lead to the papillomatosis so called of the larynx of infants.
Manifestations of infection
Most infected people don't know.HPV often does not cause manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes.Part of the people develop sexual warts or precancerous changes on cervix, vulva, anal region or penis.Very rarely, these changes go directly to cancer.From the infection to the development of severe dysplasia, on average they pass 20 years.Most women are spontaneously treated for 9-15 months from the moment of infection.The main event of the Papillomavirus infection are sexual warts or pointed condition (VPV 6 and 11 are caused) - formations of soft warts on a thin short leg, reminiscent of the colored cabbage or a rooster crest with a different position (penis head, penis, lips, vagina, cervical neck, anus area).Sharp warages appear from 2 to 6 months after the infection.Visible conditions are detected during the exam.
Diagnosis of infection
Condil diagnostics is carried out on the basis of the inspection.HPV diagnostics high canhogene risk and related changes, a more difficult task.The diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the cervix on the basis of many was based on a cytological analysis of the strips (study of a subscription under a microscope).However, it has a series of significant disadvantages: complexity, low sensitivity and high frequency of vague results.The FDA of the American Committee (Committee for Medicines and Food) has approved the study of the HPV with the Polimerase chain reaction method - PCR, which can determine 13 types of high -risk HPVs.The PCR for HPV has a high sensitivity, easy to perform.The joint use of cytological studies and PCR tests can significantly increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis, the sensitivity increases to 99 to 100%.It is important that the identification of high -risk HPV occurs long before the appearance of precancerous changes in the mucous membranes.
PCR search is recommended on high -risk HPV:
- - As a main method, in addition to cytology for women of over 30 years.
- - to solve the dubious results of cytological research.
- - patients undergoing dysplasia or cancer.
- - In the first phase of diagnostics for countries where Papillomavirus infection programs are scarcely organized.
- - to examine men.
Is it possible to cure this disease?
The diagnosis and treatment of ISTs must be performed in the conditions of a specialized clinic - a CVD, which has all the means necessary for a quick and accurate diagnosis.
Today there is no specific medicine against HPV.There are many methods of removing the condition, but the disease can return again, since the virus remains in the human body.Reidanies are possible in 25% of cases for 3 months after treatment.In the treatment of Condil, an examination of sexual partners is necessary.However, the vast majority of sexual partners is infected by the HPV and simply has no visible manifestations of the disease.
The treatment of precancerous diseases is the use of chemical, physical and other methods, in order to change the structure of the affected areas of the mucous membranes, as well as the use of drugs that stimulate immunity.In the future, a PCR is needed an annual cytological study and the determination of the HPV.
What is the connection between HPV and cervical cancer?
Facts only:
- High risk papillomas viruses are the main cause of cervical cancer.
- In cases of severe dysplasia (precancer) and cervix cancer, the HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- The identification of the HPV is associated with an increase of 250 times of the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer takes 1st place among the causes of female mortality in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer takes 2nd place after breast cancer among women in the world 250 thousand deaths every year.
- In Russia, 12,300 women receive cervical cancer every year and more than 6,000 patients die every year.
- Over the past 10 years, the average age of the sick has decreased from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under 29 years old, the incidence has increased 2 times.
- The high -high HPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases, the anus carcinoma is 90%, vaginal carcinoma and vulva - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharynx cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Society of Cancer was scheduled for 2004, which in about 10,520 women will develop aggressive cervical cancer and about 3,900 women will die of this disease.Most women with aggressive cervical carcinoma have not passed the correct examination for HPV infection.
Prevention of infection
The safest way to prevent sexual HPV infection is to refrain from any sexual contact with another individual.
Long -term sexual relationships with a permanent sexual partner do not provide a 100% guarantee from HPV infection.It is difficult to determine without special tests, if a sexual partner is currently infected.
Male condoms from latex, with adequate use, reduce the risk of infection.
Any events, such as pain or unpleasant sensations during urination, an unusual rash, discharge is a signal to stop sexual contacts and an immediate exam in a specialized clinic.If the patient was found by IST, he must inform his sexual partners so that they can also undergo a complete examination and adequate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of re -infection.